Needful things¶

A collection of helpers, which have no place elsewhere.

Nested loop iterator¶

class PyAstronomy.pyaC.NestedLoop(limits, lowerLimits=None)¶

Implements an iteration over a nested loop.

Iterates over nested loops. First, increases the first counter, then increments the second and so on.

Parameters

limitslist of int: The upper limits for the loops.
lowerLimitslist of int, optional: The lower limits of the loops. The default is zero.

Example¶

from __future__ import print_function
from PyAstronomy import pyaC

nl = pyaC.NestedLoop([4,2,5], lowerLimits=[0,0,-5])

for indices in nl:
  print(indices)

Invert index selection¶

PyAstronomy.pyaC.invertIndexSelection(a, indi)¶

Invert index selection in one-dimensional array.

Say, e.g., a numpy.where operation produced an array of indices (indi), which you needed for one reason, but now, for another reason, you need all elements of the array, which were not selected by the operation. This is the situation handled by this function.

Parameters

aint or array: Either the length of the array to which indi refers to or the array (one-dimensional) itself.
indiarray: An array of indices selected from a.

Returns

Inverse selectionarray: An array containing the indices of all array elements not referenced by indi.

Example¶

from __future__ import print_function
import numpy as np
from PyAstronomy import pyaC as pc

# Create "data" values and select some
x = np.exp(np.arange(20.0)/20.0)
indi = np.where(np.logical_and(x > 1.4, x < 1.7))

print("Selected indices and values:")
print("  indices: ", indi)
print("  values : ", x[indi])

indiInv = pc.invertIndexSelection(x, indi)

print()
print("Inverted selection:")
print("  indices: ", indiInv)
print("  values : ", x[indiInv])

# Check that the same result is obtained by simply
# passing the length of the array `x`

indiInvLen = pc.invertIndexSelection(len(x), indi)

print()
print("Are indiInv and indiInvLen are the same? ")
print("  ", np.all(indiInvLen == indiInv))

Fuzzy word matching¶

PyAstronomy.pyaC.fuzzyMatch(inkey, wordList, caseSensitive=True, n=3, cutoff=0.6, raises=False)¶

Find exact and approximate matches for input in word list.

Uses get_close_matches from Python’s difflib to search for the best matches between the input keyword and a list of words.

Parameters

inkeystring: The input keyword.
wordListlist of strings: List of words with possible matches for inkey.
caseSensitiveboolean, optional: If True (default), the search will be case sensitive.
nint, optional: Number of potential matches returned by get_close_matches.
cutofffloat, optional: Number between 0 and 1 indicating the degree of similarity between inkey and the entries from wordList. The lower the number, the more dissimilar the potential matches may be. (cutoff parameter from get_close_matches).
raisesboolean, optional: If True, a PyAValError giving a summary of the failure will be raised if no exact match is found. The default is false.

Returns

Matchesdictionary: If found, contains the exact match (key “em”) found in the list (in lower case if caseSensitive is True) and a list of close matches (key “cm”), which the user may have meant to specify. If an exact match is found, also its index in wordList is provided.

Example¶

from __future__ import print_function
from PyAstronomy import pyaC

wordList = ["one", "two", "three", "four", "o-ne"]

r = pyaC.fuzzyMatch("One", wordList)
print("Exact match: {em:}, close match(es): {cm:}".format(**r))

r = pyaC.fuzzyMatch("One", wordList, cutoff=0.4)
print("Exact match: {em:}, close match(es): {cm:}".format(**r))

r = pyaC.fuzzyMatch("One", wordList, caseSensitive=False)
print("Exact match: {em:}, close match(es): {cm:}".format(**r))

Matrix (2d) output¶

PyAstronomy.pyaC.matrix2doutput(m, oformat='% 6.2e', colsep=' | ', rowNames=None, colNames=None, transpose=False, toScreen=True)¶

Format a matrix in readable form and write it to screen.

The column is specified by the second index, e.g., the first entry in the second column is given by m[0,1]. The first entry in the third row is, consequently, given by m[2,0].

Parameters

m2-dimensional array: The data to be formatted.
oformatstring or list of strings, optional: The output format. If string, the same format string will be used for all columns. If a list of strings is given, the associated specifier will be used for each individual column.
colsepstring, optional: The separator used between columns.
rowNameslist of strings, optional: The names of the rows.
colNameslist of strings optional: The names of the columns.
transposeboolean, optional: If True, the input matrix will be transposed. In effect, this exchanges the roles of columns and rows. Note, however, that the role of colNames and rowNames remains unaltered. The default is False.
toScreenboolean, optional: If True (default), the result will be written to screen.

Returns

Formatted matrixlist of strings: The formatted output is a list of strings, which might be written to screen.

Example¶

from __future__ import print_function
from PyAstronomy import pyaC as PC
import numpy as np

m = np.zeros((4, 3))
colNames = ["first", "second", "third"]
rowNames = ["1", "2", "3", "4"]

for j in range(4):
    for i in range(3):
        m[j, i] = (i+1) * 10**(j+1) * np.sin(i*j)

PC.matrix2doutput(m, colNames=colNames, rowNames=rowNames)
print()
PC.matrix2doutput(m, rowNames=rowNames)
print()
PC.matrix2doutput(m, colsep=" ")
print()
PC.matrix2doutput(m, oformat="% 12.5f", colNames=colNames, rowNames=rowNames)
print()
PC.matrix2doutput(m, oformat=["% 12.5f", "% 6.3f", "% e"], colNames=colNames)

Simple Input-Output file¶

class PyAstronomy.pyaC.SimIOF(origin, *args, **kwargs)¶

Simple Input/Output file.

If a file is opened for writing, the origin and date will be added at the top of the file. If it is opened for reading, the properties will be read, converted into float of possible, and stored in the args attribute. If the float-conversion fails, the value is kept as a string.

Parameters

originstr: Identifies the script/program writing the file.
argstuple: Passed to the constructor of a file object.
kwargsdictionary: Passed to the constructor of a file object.

Methods

`addColInfo`(cns[, oneLine])	Add enumerated column names to file.
`addProp`(name, value[, fmt])	Add a property to the file.
`close`()	Close file.
`write`(args, *kwargs)	Write to file object

addColInfo(cns, oneLine=True)¶

Add enumerated column names to file.

Parameters

cnslist of strings: List of names
oneLineboolean, optional: If True, all definitions will be written into a single line. Otherwise each definition is written on its own line.

addProp(name, value, fmt=None)¶

Add a property to the file.

Parameters

namestring or list of strings: Name of the property
valueany, or list of any type: Value of that property
fmtstring, list, optional: The format-string used to represent the property. If a single string is given, it is applied to all properties. Otherwise, one format string for every property should be given.

close()¶: Close file.

write(*args, **kwargs)¶: Write to file object

from __future__ import print_function
from PyAstronomy import pyaC as PC
import numpy as np

f = PC.SimIOF("origin", "test.tmp", 'w')

a = 5.6
b = 8.7
c = 5

f.addProp("a", a, fmt="% 4.4e")
f.addProp(["b", "c"], [b, c])

for x in range(10):
    f.write(str(x) + "\n")

f.close()

g = PC.SimIOF("origin", "test.tmp", 'r')

# See the properties assigned
print(g.args)
# Use loadtxt to load the data
print(np.loadtxt(g))

Needful things¶

Nested loop iterator¶

Example¶

Invert index selection¶

Example¶

Fuzzy word matching¶

Example¶

Matrix (2d) output¶

Example¶

Simple Input-Output file¶

Table of Contents

Previous topic

Next topic

This Page